Cryptocephalus hunting again

 

Have continued to be bored to the point of serious mental illness. Went to the Santa Fe Dam soft chaparral a few times again to see if I could bag anything because collecting bugs is my unhealthy coping mechanism apparently.

Now, the thing about the soft chaparral here is that whenever the summer dry season hits and the bushes "die" (aestivate) the already low insect density drops even further (the hard chaparral and sclerophyll oak forest stay active a bit longer into the season because they are by nature less arid habitats). It's our version of winter; it's when life drains out of the world; it's the end-scene of HG Wells' Time Machine with the quiet beach and the endless night and the red-overripe sun waiting to burst. It's kind of sad that extremophiles (for all their tenacity) are still so helpless against natural extremes. Why can there be only a few snow crane flies, a single Antarctic midge? Why must serpentine flora be forced into stunted growth? Why does Mono Lake lack a second brineshrimp?

Nevertheless, life still goes on, albeit not very vigorously. The cacti here do not turn brown, of course, because they are cacti (Narnia and Chelindea continue to suck on their fruits all summer but the few cactus genera here don't seem to host much more than that at any time of year, unlike in, say, parts of Arizona, so I will not be mentioning them further), and Malosma plus the lemonadeberries stay almost as alive, but they seem to support even fewer local insect taxa than the cacti this time of year so will not be mentioned further either. This leaves us left, for the most part, with the summer-specialist dandelion guild: Lepidospartum squamatum (scalebroom), Ericameria pinifolia (pine goldenbush), Lessingia glandulifera (vinegar tarweed), Heterotheca grandiflora (telegraphweed). I'm tired and not in the mood to talk fluidly any more right now so suffice it to say:

- the above pic is one of the lushest microhabitats left right now (not pictured: miles of brown desolation)
- summer-specialist insect guild largely gone from soft chaparral, the occasional Eleodes acuticauda notwithstanding; many of the other spp. emerge and die earlier in the summer when the growing season is ending but not ended for the summer-dormant shrubs; no Elicinae seen
- Cryptocephalus spurcus is still in season as it eats goldenbushes and scalebrooms, which are both blooming and lush
- yesterday I caught a mating female of Cryptocephalus spurcus
- it seems to be slightly (but only slightly) less behaviorally problematic than C. sanguinicollis but "slightly" can make a big difference; after some initial struggling I've successfully gotten it out of "too scared to eat and rest" mode and so far it has not resumed panicking/flying as sanguinicollis has always done in my care (hoping I don't jinx it)
- to my unsurprise I am still exactly as bored and mentally ill as before

Update 7/31: caught a second one. First one has made exactly one egg capsule so far, it has the cool helical ridges typical of this genus (which is formed, if you weren't aware, by the female turning the egg spirally as it defecates, which I assume is the simplest way to coat a round object without missing any spots).

What is it like to be a leafhopper?: a speculative essay

Imagine that you live on a tower of pipes so tall it extends beyond view.

Imagine that it is filled with juice, and that you are thirsty; you bite into its soft side, and it takes a while before you can get at the juice, but you do manage.

And it tastes good. It tastes so good. You never want to stop. You drink for hours and time speeds up and the outside world fades away. You don't even notice you are asleep by the time the sun has set, and the next day you hardly realize you are awake.

You are rudely returned to full consciousness by a dry sensation in your mouth. Evidently your tower only has so much juice to give. How? You were only there for a few moments (you had not moved from the spot in two weeks) it was hardly enough (it was more enough than you could ever remember) you do not feel well-rested at all (you were designed to never know peace).

Fortunately, there is another pipetower to the north, and the journey there is not too arduous. When you arrive you will find it to be as juicy as the first one used to be, but it will not feel satisfying either because when you are satisfied you will not feel.

yeah it molted

My suspicions were correct, it was Penestragania ivanpah

putting this thing on the strawberry clover with the Tiaja

Penestragania?

 Creeping around suspiciously at Plymouth Elementary's so-called native garden when I saw this thing on a palo verde, figured it's polyphagous enough that I could rear it to adult for ID to kill two birds with one clover (two clovers with one stone? Okay the metaphor is breaking down pretend I said nothing). Gonna release it after that probably.

2 Tiaja left

But thank God for Trifolium fragiferum.

Tiaja squeeze campaign

 With the last Xerophloea dead (a juvenile brown widow murdered it, even though I checked for brown widows a few days before that and found none) all I have left are the four Tiaja, which I've still not managed to get any eggs out of. Apparently white clovers freak out when taken indoors and gradually die from dehydration even when well watered, some quirk of the angiosperm root physiology I think.

They stay frightened for longer after handling than the Xerophloea did, sometimes freezing and then not feeding for a whole 12 hours after being moved, and since like many hoppers they don't actually know how to walk directionally towards their food it's been a headache (after the freezing wears off they tend to walk off the plant even if they were sitting on it).

Bought some more plants as potential food while I was exhibiting milkweed bugs at CalBG for their milkweed festival thingy. The hoppers didn't seem to like their new hosts much, I'm going to try feeding them an attached dodder now (previous dodder being fed was detached branches, which are more convenient to supply but cannot live long enough for eggs to hatch).

Released all adult beetles several days back

The rotten wood is doing that thing again where it gets all moldy and gross and it was stressing them out to the point they weren't sleeping, and I didn't have the energy to deal with it. Based on my observations I'm pretty sure the Megapenthes would've been pretty stressed during its waking hours even in a clean enclosure though, as even after I moved it to a clean container full of garden soil (which itself it kept spreading its elytra like it wanted to fly (but never flew; perhaps room temps too cold to flap wings)?

Anyways, guess I'll have to concentrate on sucking hoppers and plants for now. I still have 1 vial of rotten wood that never went bad and still smells nice though and I'm hoping that I can make more of whatever saproxylic microbes are responsible for the smell and mold suppression so I can inoculate other rotten-wood-making containers with them.

Well actually some of the E. lecontei larva vials are also clean-smelling, I lied.

I ignored Easter to catch beetles and emit depression

https://www.bugguide.net/node/view/2526641
https://www.bugguide.net/node/view/2526642

Caught these two, will attempt to breed. Of note is that Megapenthes contains at least one species of conservation concern in Europe.

Update: Stenochidus is being difficult, it's panicking and behaving abnormally because it's in an enclosed space, will probably release once I have the time. I figured this would happen given that it seems to happen to a lot of small flying plant-dwelling beetles but wanted to test. Put it on a potted plant in the meantime to soothe it (by making it think it's not on the ground).

Elater lecontei has reproduced

Found a wireworm in its enclosure today. I was starting to worry it hadn't mated.

Also, I got to see it naturally active again. Came out around midnight, fed on blueberry until sated, walked around for like a minute or two (I suspect it was seeking damper conditions as I hadn't misted in a while) and then went back under its potsherd to sleep. Apparently it's one of those bugs that's awake only when necessary.

The grayish brown nymph I caught did turn out to be Tiaja

Molted to adulthood last night (above; probably slightly teneral in pic). I neglected to post it here when it was still a juvenile but it looked like this.

The Deukmejian hoppers turned out to be a mix of Dictyobia (seemingly the regular semivitrea-looking sort, though perhaps a different cryptic species I suspect) and Dyctidea (apparently D. intermedia, though my specimen is weirdly brown so maybe not) by the way. Getting to and from Deuk is kind of a drive but I'll probably release them soon too.

I'm definitely planning to try my hand at dictys and dyctys again next year tho. Maybe even this summer, if my plants can lush up fast enough when Dictyssa adults make their summer appearance.


Down to one Xerophloea nymph after a Malva I was feeding them mysteriously wilted to death only 2-3 days while still immersed in water and thus subsequently set off a series of incidents indirectly leading to the other xerophloes dying. Not sure what happened, it had a really long taproot and all of it was wet so what the hell?

Released Dictyobia

Running short on dodder biomass, also my CalBG sunflower bushes were getting insufficiently lush and freaking the Dictyobia out. Apparently just like Croton if you don't water them enough they get droughtstressed even if the soil remains damp? I hate angiosperms sometimes.

I did get a look at their courtship behavior before the release though. Apparently when the male makes physical contact with an unmated female there's no fanfare, they just connect their genitalia. At a distance though there was some (audible! albeit faintly) singing which sounded like a zipper being zipped back and forth a few times, also when not singing the male sometimes moved its wings in a way that I can only describe as "trying to open a padlocked gate by pushing it repeatedly instead of unlocking it". Nothing too interesting happened though and the females didn't seem to react much if at all to whatever the male was doing. Honestly things like this are why I don't care about Coniontis any more. Insect courtship dances just seem kind of disappointing in general.

Also while catching more Tiaja I semiaccidentally caught and reared this thing to adulthood, since it looked like a Tiaja nymph (turns out was the same subfamily). Released it after.

bluglgh

The fat wireworm from a while ago pupated and matured while I wasn't looking. I split open the wood chunk to check up on it and saw an Athous axillaris adult. Gonna throw it in with the Elater. Probably not going to attempt to breed A. axillaris for various reasons, including my strong suspicion that Athous larvae require more animal protein than I have patience for.

All Lystridea dead despite my best efforts. Probably not going to try and catch any more this year.

Bought a bunch of generic nativeish plants from California Botanic Garden to feed the dictys, unsurprisingly the leaves were infested with various bugs and microbes. Sigh. At least my rescued skirt tetras enjoyed eating the aphids.

Intend to throw Hoplomachidea back to its habitat so I can concentrate on pest control (see above). Maybe it will have injected eggs into one of my plants by then. Some females of that species seem able to fly (most if not all males seem flighted) and I'd rather concentrate on obligately flightless bugs. Still, my intuitive guess is that they're not as insensitive to anthropogenic harm as some wing-dimorphic bugs.

Current inventory (or, more accurately, current inventory that I care to mention):

Dictyobia cf. semivitrea, many
cf. Dyctidea intermedia?, x4 I think?
Tiaja, x1 (the other one died from an indirectly aphid related incident)
cf. Uroleucon (pictured above), nativelooking aphids from a wild alate that flew to my Baccharis salicifolia one day

Elater lecontei, x1 (is it even a fertilized female?)
Athous axillaris, x1

Eleodes littoralis, x2
Phloeodes diabolicus, x1
Disabled Eleodes acuticauda, x1 (it's still alive after all this time)!

Calasterella californica, x1
Croton californicus, x3
Cuscuta subinclusa
New CalBG plants (mostly Encelia californica)
Unidentified leafy liverworts (not new, it's the ones I've posted about)
Various other things I don't care to mention




There hasn't been anything of interest to say these years (indeed, I would say most of my life has been miserable and bland) but I swear I'm an interesting person! I swear!!!

6

Single Hoplomachidea consors female acquired but I don't feel like talking about it because I'm tired and miserable. Also I missed the courtship ritual of my first Dictyobia pair by several minutes because years of chronic understimulation made me involuntarily zone out right at the crucial moment.

Freshly molted Dictyobia adult for eye candy. I wonder what the red thing inside it is, fresh nymphs have it too (so do hardened nymphs if you hold them up to the light). Lystridea also contains the red thing.

new acquisitions (part 5)

Went back to Deukmejian Wilderness Park, acquired some more grayish hoppers.

Also found a single different-looking nymph, note the smaller head and orangy brown color. I wouldn't have taken it home if I had seen it was parasitized, but the hopper was like half a cm long and I didn't realize the infection was there till I got home, so after some deliberation I popped the wasp grub. I accidentally sprained (is that even the right word?) one of the nymph's hindlegs in the process and the leg couldn't move for about 12 hours but this afternoon I was checking up on it and all the legs were functional again.

I don't normally endorse killing parasitoids because they're important to the ecosystem, equal rights for parasites, blah etc., but I really wanted to see if I could get this nymph to adulthood and make it half of a breeding pair before the season ends. I mean, a lot of flightless aridland planthoppers here are really hard to get one's hands on, remember how I was complaining about how I hadn't seen Tiaja for years?

Anyways all the new acquisitions (including the orangy brown) are feeding well on dodder. Edit: make that "are" a "have been". I think I squished the orangy nymph by accident.

Dictyobia aren't doing cool things at each other

Assembled some adults into same-sex and different-sex pairs. They pretty much ignored each other, didn't even mate. Evidently at least some of them (esp. fem, due to eclosing later) are sexually immature. I mean I was expecting some sexual immaturity since all my other hoppers had to feed for a number of days before mating, but I'm kinda disappointed there wasn't some sort of communication dance even the unripe adults would do.

Also, I observed some specimens to switch the asymmetry of which wing was raised higher than the other (not in relation to social interaction; just spontaneously, before I even housed them together).

More Dictyobia adults

Gonna stop announcing new adults now.

Of interest is that one individual seems to be "right-handed" in terms of wing-raising behavior, the others so far all seem "left-handed".





Pissonotus delicatus released, it was doing perfectly fine but I realized I was biting off more than I could chew again and needed to keep my unhealthy insect-hoarding habits in check. It was never my favorite anyway. Also I know widespread insects are said to be paradoxically in more danger than rare ones but P. delicatus strikes me more as the sort of widespread insect that'll do fine in the upcoming decades than the sort that's declining drastically. I could be wrong tho. Maybe it's extra vulnerable to climate change because it naturally lives in harsh disturbed environments and can't take any harsher a life than it's already tolerating? Still, I'm not getting many "common bug about to decline violently" vibes from it. I'm more worried about periodically-outbreaking-but-sometimes-naturally-rare taxa like Xerophloea, Vanessa, Oedemasia, & Trirhabda.

In any case I assume the pisso laid eggs inside my telegraphweed, I'll take a laissez-faire approach to its offspring if any hatch.

Matured a second dicty adult today

 It was fully hardened when I found it but when I threw it in with the first adult they seemingly ignored each other. Maybe both sexes need to be present even to induce nonsexual social interactions (since those may be an indirect method of competing for mates)?

First dicty adult eclosed last night!

Rest still nymphs, I'll be watching them carefully since females probably only mate once in their lives unless copulation is interrupted and I'd hate to miss whatever wingflapping courtship dance they do for it.

It refused the Artemisia I put it on (probably because it was producing drought foliage when I bought it) and instead began drinking from the white clover I was using to make Tiaja oviposit.

part 4

Pissonotus-generating telegraphweeds by the side of the road

Finds from Santa Fe Dam chaparral today: Pissonotus delicatus adult fem and one more presumed Lystridea nymph. Also new less hideous blog color scheme.

Kinda surprised the former were able to survive on such low-growing plants, I'm under the vague impression a lot of herbivorous bugs in my area avoid plants that're short and prostrate because it's too hot near the ground. I mean even that thing Xerophloea and co. do where they go to the base of the plant to feed doesn't mean they'll show up on juvenile plants, in nature it tends to just bring them into the shaded undergrowth of their host. I've never seen hoppers of any sort on sufficiently young Croton (or, indeed, sufficiently small individuals of almost every other plant. Santa Fe's rich diversity of annual flora hardly attracts any herbivores as far as I've seen).

2/26 edit: When I released the Pissonotus I saw a conspecific at the Dam nature center surviving in a patch of like 3 super isolated telegraphweeds under the big tree they planted. No wonder delicatus is so widespread, it's clearly one of those species that can teleport to its hosts and not die of metapopulation collapse in small habitat patches. I've never seen them fly to the telegraphweeds I'm growing in my yard tho, maybe I was just unlucky.

new acquisitions (part 3)

4 days ago I was walking around somewhat aimlessly in the Santa Fe Dam chaparral again

here to be exact

when I saw a Certain Shape sitting on a Croton californicus leaf. Instantly knew it was Tiaja. This is a small (sciarid-sized) and rarely seen endemic flightless leafhopper. I assume the wings not being vestigial-sized helps protect against abrasion?

I've been trying to catch Tiaja for 2 years straight; in 2024 I saw one on a sunflower bush and (not knowing what it was) photographed it and didn't bother to catch it. Never saw one again for the rest of twenty twenty four, nor 2025 for that matter. So you can imagine I was pretty pleased to be seeing one again, especially since the part of the chaparral it was in seems due to be cleared for some sort of """sustainable agriculture""" demonstration garden* and thus making the animal of some conservation value (I mean I'm under no delusion that smallscale rearing is gonna do much for the species but since my efforts to halt the development project directly have all failed I figure it's better than nothing).

*Which is the area currently inside the pictured fence, though since I've seen mulch being laid right outside the fence too I suspect that the farm may expand beyond its current borders, or, more likely, that the farm won't expand but the outside-fence area is gonna be cleared for agriculture-unrelated """native plant""" installations as landscaping for the trail around the farm. To be clear, I didn't trespass, the Tiaja were outside the fence, the crops were inside the fence, but I suspect the Tiaja habitat is gonna be destroyed anyway.

I missed. The individual in question was in an erect stance and didn't look like it was feeding, and from my rearings of other species I've learned that many otherwise unwary hoppers are extra nervous when they're in travelling mode. It saw me coming and got the hell out of there, I couldn't find it after it jumped. Didn't even get a photo this time.

But Tiaja is flightless, so I figured there'd be more where that came from. No luck for the rest of the day.



3 days ago I was walking around somewhat aimlessly in the Santa Fe Dam chaparral again. Same spot. Figured I'd give the bushes another eye-basting because why not. No luck for the first approximately 15 minutes. Then I caught 2 Tiaja sitting high up on Acmispon glaber, both gravid females from the looks of it. This time they really were unwary, didn't react to me approaching or even touching the plant. And that's why I have a photo of one as a header image for this post. Yeah.

...I've moved one of the specimens to a white clover plant I've been growing in advance specifically for Tiaja-related purposes, since a paper reports that they often refuse to oviposit on their native hosts but will lay eggs in clovers.

Caught some juvenile Elicini too, but they look exactly the same as the other nymphs I've posted so I'm not gonna bother posting another picture.